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Pope Damasus I ( ; c. 305 – 11 December 384) was Pope from October 366 to his death in 384. ==Biographical Information== Pope St. Damasus I was born around 305,〔''The Liturgy of the Hours'', Vol. I, 11 December.〕 probably near the city of Egitania, Lusitania, in what is the present-day village of Idanha-a-Velha, Portugal, then part of the Western Roman Empire. His life coincided with the rise of Emperor Constantine I and the reunion and re-division of the Western and Eastern Roman Empires, which is associated with the legitimization of Christianity and its later adoption as the official religion of the Roman state in 380. Following the death of Pope Liberius, he succeeded to the Papacy amidst factional violence. A group of Damasus' supporters, previously loyal to his opponent Felix, attacked and killed rivals loyal to Liberius' deacon Ursinus in a riot that required the intervention of Emperor Valentinian I to quell. Damasus faced accusations of murder and adultery with a married woman〔M. Walsh, ''Butler's Lives of the Saints'' (HarperCollins Publishers: New York, 1991), 413.〕 in his early years as Pope. The neutrality of these claims has come into question with some suggesting that the accusations were motivated by the schismatic conflict with the supporters of Arianism. His personal problems were contrasted with his religious accomplishments, which included restoring Saint Lawrence outside the Walls, encouraging his personal secretary Saint Jerome in his Vulgate translation of the Bible, and presiding over the Council of Rome in 382, which may have set down the canon of Scripture (based upon the Decretum Gelasianum, which some consider a sixth-century work〔Bruce, F. F. (1988). The Canon of Scripture. Intervarsity Press. pp. 234〕). He also did much to encourage the veneration of the Christian martyrs,〔M. Walsh, ''Butler's Lives'', 414.〕 restoring and creating access to their tombs in the Catacombs of Rome and elsewhere, and setting up tablets with verse inscriptions composed by himself, several of which survive or are recorded in his ''Epigrammata''.〔(''Epigrammata'' texts in Latin ); Grig, 213, 215〕 〔Cameron, 136-139; 136 and 137 are quoted in turn〕 Damasus has been described as "the first society Pope",〔Cameron, 136〕 and was apparently a member of a group of Iberian Christians, largely related to each other, who were close to the Iberian Theodosius I.〔Cameron, 142-143〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pope Damasus I」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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